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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>本文主要是linux中一种基于内存的文件系统sysfs基础知识的相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。</p>
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<h1 id="一、sysfs是什么？"><a href="#一、sysfs是什么？" class="headerlink" title="一、sysfs是什么？"></a><font size=3>一、<code>sysfs</code>是什么？</font></h1><p><code>sysfs</code>是 <code>Linux</code> 内核中设计较新的一种虚拟的基于内存的<strong>文件系统</strong>，<code>sysfs</code> 最初被称为<code>ddfs</code>（设备驱动文件系统），它的产生是为了调试正在开发过程中的新的驱动模型。它在<code>Linux2.6</code>内核被引入。</p>
<p><code>sysfs</code>的作用是将注册进系统中的设备、总线和驱动组织成一个个分级的文件，并直观地将驱动和设备的层次结构以文件的形式展示在用户空间（类似于<code>windows</code>的设备管理器），通过操作这些文件，系统向用户空间导出内核数据结构以及他们的属性，这样一来用户空间可以通过修改<code>sysfs</code>的文件属性来修改设备的属性值，进而改变设备的工作状态。比如通过<code>sysfs</code>文件系统可以直接向指定的<code>gpio</code>引脚输入和输出高低电平。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>sysfs在内核中的组成要素</strong></th>
<th><strong>在用户空间&#x2F;sys下的显示</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>内核对象（kobject）</td>
<td>目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>对象属性（attribute）</td>
<td>文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>对象关系（relationship）</td>
<td>链接（Symbolic Link）</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="二、sysfs的挂载"><a href="#二、sysfs的挂载" class="headerlink" title="二、sysfs的挂载"></a><font size=3>二、<code>sysfs</code>的挂载</font></h1><p><code>sysfs</code>像其它基于内存的文件系统一样可以从用户空间挂载：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>sysfs</code>还能够在启动时用<code>/etc/fstab</code>文件来自动挂载。大多数支持<code>2.6</code> 内核的发行版都在<code> /etc/fstab</code>有<code>sysfs</code>行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>【注意】一般来讲，<code>sysfs</code>被挂载的目录总是在<code>/sys</code>。</p>
<h1 id="三、四个基本结构"><a href="#三、四个基本结构" class="headerlink" title="三、四个基本结构"></a><font size=3>三、四个基本结构</font></h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>类型</strong></th>
<th><strong>所包含的内容</strong></th>
<th><strong>内核数据结构</strong></th>
<th><strong>对应&#x2F;sys项</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>设备(Devices)</td>
<td>设备是此模型中最基本的类型，以设备本身的连接按层次组织</td>
<td>struct device</td>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;devices&#x2F;?&#x2F;?&#x2F;…&#x2F;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>驱动(Drivers)</td>
<td>在一个系统中安装多个相同设备，只需要一份驱动程序的支持</td>
<td>struct device_driver</td>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;bus&#x2F;pci&#x2F;drivers&#x2F;?&#x2F;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>总线(Bus)</td>
<td>在整个总线级别对此总线上连接的所有设备进行管理</td>
<td>struct bus_type</td>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;bus&#x2F;?&#x2F;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>类别(Classes)</td>
<td>这是按照功能进行分类组织的设备层次树；如 USB 接口和 PS&#x2F;2 接口的鼠标都是输入设备，都会出现在&#x2F;sys&#x2F;class&#x2F;input&#x2F;下</td>
<td>struct class</td>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;class&#x2F;?&#x2F;</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="四、-sys目录结构"><a href="#四、-sys目录结构" class="headerlink" title="四、/sys目录结构"></a><font size=3>四、<code>/sys</code>目录结构</font></h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>&#x2F;sys目录</strong></th>
<th><strong>所包含的内容</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;block</td>
<td>存放块设备，提供以设备名(如sda)到&#x2F;sys&#x2F;devices的符号链接。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;bus</td>
<td>这是内核设备按总线类型分层放置的目录结构， devices 中的所有设备都是连接于某种总线之下，在这里的每一种具体总线之下可以找到每一个具体设备的符号链接，它也是构成 Linux 统一设备模型的一部分。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;class</td>
<td>这是按照设备功能分类的设备模型，如系统所有输入设备都会出现在&#x2F;sys&#x2F;class&#x2F;input 之下，而不论它们是以何种总线连接到系统。它也是构成 Linux 统一设备模型的一部分；</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;dev</td>
<td>这个目录下维护一个按字符设备和块设备的主次号码(major:minor)链接到真实的设备(&#x2F;sys&#x2F;devices下)的符号链接文件。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;devices</td>
<td>这是内核对系统中所有设备的分层次表达模型，也是&#x2F;sys文件系统管理设备的最重要的目录结构。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;firmware</td>
<td>该目录下包含对固件对象(firmware object)和属性进行操作和观察的接口，即这里是系统加载固件机制的对用户空间的接口。(关于固件有专用于固件加载的一套API)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;fs</td>
<td>按照设计，该目录使用来描述系统中所有的文件系统，包括文件系统本身和按照文件系统分类存放的已挂载点。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;kernel</td>
<td>这里是内核所有可调整参数的位置，目前只有 uevent_helper, kexec_loaded, mm, 和新式的slab 分配器等几项较新的设计在使用它，其它内核可调整参数仍然位于sysctl(&#x2F;proc&#x2F;sys&#x2F;kernel) 接口中。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;module</td>
<td>这里有系统中所有模块的信息，不论这些模块是以内联(inlined)方式编译到内核映像文件(vmlinuz)中还是编译为外部模块(ko文件)，都可能会出现在&#x2F;sys&#x2F;module 中。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&#x2F;sys&#x2F;power</td>
<td>这里是系统中电源选项，这个目录下有几个属性文件可以用于控制整个机器的电源状态，如可以向其中写入控制命令让机器关机、重启等。</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>

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